True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
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1.
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In
all cooling systems, energy as heat is transferred from one substance to another, leaving the first
substance with less energy and with a lower temperature.
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2.
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All
objects produce different types of electromagnetic waves depending on the object's
temperature.
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3.
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As
the temperature of mercury inside the thermometer increases, its volume increases.
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4.
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On
the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at –32ºF.
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5.
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A
degree on the Fahrenheit scale is a bigger unit than a degree on the Celsius scale.
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6.
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Energy is transferred as heat between two objects at the same
temperature.
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7.
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Energy is transferred as heat from a substance at high temperature to a substance at
low temperature.
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8.
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Heating by convection can occur through solids, liquids, or gases.
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9.
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Cool
objects don't emit any radiation.
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10.
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Radiation is the only method of energy transfer that can take place in a
vacuum.
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11.
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Some
substances, when exposed to visible light, absorb more energy as heat than other
substances.
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12.
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A
good insulator is a poor conductor.
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13.
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How
much the temperature of an object increases when energy is transferred as heat to the object depends
only on the mass of the object.
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14.
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It
takes more energy as heat to raise the temperature of water by one degree than to raise the
temperature of steam by the same amount.
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15.
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Insulation minimizes undesirable energy transfers.
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16.
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People feel most comfortable when the temperature of the air is
98.6ºF.
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17.
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The
R-value is a standard rating used to measure the effectiveness of insulation.
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18.
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An
active solar heating system needs only sunlight as a source of energy.
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19.
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The
heat exchanger of a heating system uses only convection to transfer energy as heat.
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20.
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Some
of the energy generated as heat by a heating system is always wasted.
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21.
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Air
is a better insulator than fiberglass batting.
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22.
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10 cm
of brick is a better insulator than 10 cm of fiberglass batting.
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23.
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The
temperature of a volume of gas will change if the pressure of the gas or volume of the gas
changes.
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24.
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When
a refrigerant evaporates it adds energy as heat to its surroundings.
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25.
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When
a refrigerant condenses it gives up energy as heat to its surroundings.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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26.
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Temperature is a. | associated with the sensation of hot and
cold. | b. | proportional to the average kinetic energy of
molecules. | c. | measured with thermometers. | d. | all of the
above | | |
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27.
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What
is 37.0 degrees Celsius on the Fahrenheit scale? a. | 98.6ºF | c. | 92.0ºF | b. | 87.0ºF | d. | 102.0ºF | | | | |
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28.
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What
is 175ºF on the Celsius scale? a. | 72.3ºC | c. | 84.2ºC | b. | 79.4ºC | d. | 92.0ºC | | | | |
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29.
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What
is –175ºC on the Kelvin scale? a. | 76 K | c. | 98 K | b. | 89 K | d. | 448 K | | | | |
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30.
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As
the kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance increases, the a. | temperature of
the substance increases. | b. | temperature of the substance
decreases. | c. | potential energy of the substance
changes. | d. | temperature remains the same. | | |
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31.
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The
transfer of energy as heat caused by the collision of molecules is called a. | convection. | c. | contact. | b. | conduction. | d. | radiation. | | | | |
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32.
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The
transfer of energy by the movement of fluids or gases with different temperatures is
called a. | convection. | c. | contact. | b. | conduction. | d. | radiation. | | | | |
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33.
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Energy from the sun reaches Earth by a. | conduction and
radiation. | c. | conduction and
convection. | b. | radiation only. | d. | conduction only. | | | | |
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34.
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Convection currents rise in air because a. | hot air rises
and cold air remains stagnant. | b. | cool air descends and hot air rises. | c. | the molecules in
hot air move faster. | d. | hot air has less friction. | | |
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35.
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Which
method of energy transfer does not involve movement of matter? a. | convection. | c. | radiation. | b. | conduction. | d. | none of the above. | | | | |
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36.
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Which
of the following substances is the best conductor of transferring energy as heat? a. | carbon dioxide
gas | c. | iron | b. | water | d. | rubber | | | | |
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37.
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Suppose a fixed number of joules of energy as heat is added to 1 kg of the substances
listed below. For which substance will the rise in temperature be the least? a. | liquid
ethanol | c. | water | b. | iron | d. | carbon | | | | |
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38.
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How
much heat energy will cause the temperature of 7 kg of carbon to increase its temperature by 15 K?
The specific heat of iron is 449 J/kg·K. a. | 6.8 × 104 J | c. | 7.0 × 104 J | b. | 4.7 ×
104 J | d. | 3.0 ×
104 J | | | | |
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39.
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According to the first law of thermodynamics, a. | there is no such
thing as a perpetual motion machine. | b. | the energy of a system is constant. | c. | the total energy
used in any process is conserved. | d. | in any process there is a decrease in potential
energy. | | |
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40.
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Which
of the following statements is true? a. | Energy as heat flows from a lower temperature to a higher
temperature. | b. | Energy as heat flows from a higher temperature to a lower
temperature. | c. | The amount of heat in a closed system is a
constant. | d. | Energy as heat flowing into an object is determined by the
amount of work done on the object. | | |
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41.
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In an
air conditioner, a substance that easily evaporates and condenses is used to transfer energy from a
room to the air outside. When the substance evaporates, a. | it absorbs
energy as heat from the surrounding air. | b. | it transfers energy as heat to the surrounding
air. | c. | energy is
transferred by conduction. | d. | energy is transferred by convection. | | |
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42.
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The
Fahrenheit temperature scale is defined by which of the following temperatures? a. | Water boils at
100 degrees and freezes at 32 degrees. | b. | Water boils at 212 degrees and freezes at 32
degrees. | c. | Water evaporates at 212 degrees and freezes at 0
degrees. | d. | Liquid water turns to a gas at 100 degrees and to a solid at 0
degrees. | | |
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43.
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A
cold-blooded reptile basks on a warm rock in the sun. Its body is warmed by a. | radiation | c. | convection | b. | conduction | d. | both a and b | | | | |
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44.
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The
temperature of a substance increases by 3 K when 1635 J is added to a 2 kg quantity of the substance.
What is the specific heat of the substance? a. | 242 J/kg•K | c. | 300 J/kg•K | b. | 272
J/kg•K | d. | 817
J/kg•K | | | | |
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45.
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Using
the table, determine which substance can absorb the most energy in a temperature increase of
1K. a. | liquid
water | c. | gold | b. | aluminum | d. | lead | | | | |
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46.
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Which
substance has a specific heat approximately 10 times greater than the specific heat of
silver? a. | water | c. | carbon | b. | ethanol | d. | mercury | | | | |
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47.
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The
temperature of 1.5 kg of ethanol is 37ºC. What will the final temperature be if 80 000 J of
energy as heat is added to the ethanol?
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48.
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10 kg
of a substance underwent a 3 K change in temperature when 11 500 J of energy as heat was added to the
substance. What is the substance? a. | gold | c. | copper | b. | water | d. | aluminum | | | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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49.
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____________________ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles
within an object.
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50.
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A(n)
____________________ is a device for measuring temperature.
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51.
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____________________ is the temperature at which an object's energy is
minimal.
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52.
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The
energy transferred between the particles of two objects because of the temperature difference between
the two objects is called ____________________.
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53.
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____________________ is the energy transfer as heat between particles as they collide
within a substance or between two objects in contact.
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54.
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____________________ is the transfer of energy by the movement of fluids with
different temperatures.
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55.
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The
movement of a gas or liquid due to expansion and contraction caused by temperature differences within
the fluid is called a ____________________.
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56.
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Radio
waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet rays, and X rays are forms of
____________________.
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57.
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____________________ is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
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58.
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A(n)
____________________ is a material through which energy can be easily transferred as
heat.
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59.
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A(n)
____________________ is a material that is a poor energy conductor.
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60.
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____________________ is the amount of energy transferred as heat that will raise the
temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K.
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61.
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A(n)
____________________ is any device that transfers energy to a substance to raise the temperature of
the substance.
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62.
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A(n)
____________________ is a device that transfers energy out of an object to lower its
temperature.
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63.
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A
substance used in cooling systems that transfers large amounts of energy as it changes state is
called a(n) ____________________.
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Matching
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a. | temperature | i. | radiation | b. | thermometer | j. | conductor | c. | absolute
zero | k. | convection | d. | heat | l. | insulator | e. | kelvin | m. | specific
heat | f. | Fahrenheit | n. | conduction | g. | heating system | o. | cooling system | h. | convection
current | p. | refrigerant | | | | |
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64.
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the
average kinetic energy of an object or substance
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65.
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the
temperature scale which is not very logical and of course is used in the U.S.
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66.
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the
transfer of heat energy between two objects in contact or particles as they collide.
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67.
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the
transfer of energy from one object or substance to another due to differences in
temperature
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68.
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the
transfer of energy by movement of fluids with different temperatures.
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69.
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the
lowest possible temperature (theoretically)
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70.
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instrument used to measure temperature
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71.
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the
temperature scale where 0 is equal to absolute zero.
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72.
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the
transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
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73.
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the
flow of a fluid due to heated expansion followed by cooling and contraction
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74.
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a
material that is a poor energy conductor
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75.
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a
material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat
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76.
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the
amount of energy required to heat 1 kg of a substance 1 K.
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77.
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any
device or process that transfers energy to a substance to raise the temperature of the
substance
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78.
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a
device that transfers energy as heat out of an object to lower its temperature
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79.
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a
substance used in cooling systems that transfers large amounts of energy as it changes
state.
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