Science9 Chapter 3 Review Test

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Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Dalton's atomic theory stated that every element was made of atoms that could not be subdivided, atoms of the same element are alike, and

a.	atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
b.	the nucleus is the center of the atom.
c.	atoms can join to form molecules.
d.	atoms are constantly in motion.

Dalton's atomic theory was accepted because

a.	there was evidence to support it.
b.	Democritus said that it was correct.
c.	Dalton invented the electron microscope.
d.	Dalton showed how molecules are formed.

Which statement is true according to Dalton's theory?

a.	Atoms of different elements can join to form larger atoms.
b.	Atoms can be subdivided into smaller particles.
c.	Atoms of the same element differ in electric charge.
d.	Atoms of the same element are exactly alike.

Which statement about the atomic nucleus is correct?

a.	The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a negative charge.
b.	The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a positive charge.
c.	The nucleus is made of electrons and has a positive charge.
d.	The nucleus is made of electrons and has a negative charge.

The charge of an electron is

a.	–2	c.	0
b.	–1	d.	+1

Atoms have no electric charge because they

a.	have an equal number of charged and noncharged particles.
b.	have neutrons in their nuclei.
c.	have an equal number of electrons and protons.
d.	have an equal number of neutrons and protons.

According to Bohr's model of the atom, electrons behave like

a.	planets orbiting the sun.	c.	light energy in a vacuum.
b.	waves on a vibrating string.	d.	planets rotating on their axes.

According to Bohr's theory, an electron's path around the nucleus defines its

a.	electric charge.	c.	energy level.
b.	atomic mass.	d.	speed.

According to modern atomic theory, it is nearly impossible to determine an electron's exact

a.	color.	c.	charge
b.	position.	d.	mass.

10.

The order of elements in the periodic table is based on

a.	the number of protons in the nucleus.	c.	the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
b.	the electric charge of the nucleus.	d.	atomic mass.

11.

Atoms of elements that are in the same group have the same number of

a.	protons.	c.	valence electrons.
b.	neutrons.	d.	protons and neutrons.

12.

Valence electrons determine an atom's

a.	mass.	c.	electric charge.
b.	chemical properties.	d.	period.

13.

Ionization refers to the process of

a.	changing from one period to another.	c.	turning lithium into fluorine.
b.	losing or gaining protons.	d.	losing or gaining electrons.

14.

A lithium ion is much less reactive than a lithium atom because it

a.	is much more massive.
b.	has a full outermost energy level.
c.	has a negative electric charge.
d.	is in a different group in the periodic table.

15.

Oxygen has atomic number 8. This means that an oxygen atom has

a.	eight neutrons in its nucleus.	c.	eight protons in its nucleus.
b.	a total of eight protons and neutrons.	d.	a total of eight neutrons and electrons.

16.

An atom's mass number equals the number of

a.	protons plus the number of electrons.	c.	protons.
b.	protons plus the number of neutrons.	d.	neutrons.

17.

Which statement about an element's average atomic mass is correct?

a.	It is determined by counting the number of isotopes in a sample of the element.
b.	It is equal to one-twelfth the mass of the most common isotope.
c.	It is a weighted average, so common isotopes have a greater effect than uncommon ones.
d.	It is based on an isotope's charge, so negatively charged isotopes have a greater effect than positive ones.

18.

An atomic mass unit is equal to

a.	one-half the mass of a hydrogen atom.
b.	one-fourth the mass of a lithium atom.
c.	one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
d.	one-fifteenth the mass of a nitrogen-15 atom.

19.

Which statement about the alkali metals is correct?

a.	They are located in the left-most column of the periodic table.
b.	They are extremely nonreactive.
c.	They are usually gases.
d.	They form negative ions with a 1– charge.

20.

Which of the following elements is an alkali metal?

a.	calcium	c.	mercury
b.	magnesium	d.	sodium

21.

Alkali metals are extremely reactive because they

a.	have very small atomic masses.
b.	are not solids at room temperature.
c.	have one valence electron that is easily removed to form a positive ion.
d.	have two valence electrons that form compounds with calcium and magnesium.

22.

Which statement about noble gases is correct?

a.	They form compounds with very bright colors.
b.	They exist as single atoms rather than as molecules.
c.	They are highly reactive with both metals and nonmetals.
d.	They are extremely rare in nature.

23.

Semiconductors are elements that

a.	have large atomic masses but small atomic numbers.
b.	do not form compounds.
c.	can conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions.
d.	are extremely hard.

24.

Most halogens form compounds by

a.	gaining an electron to form a negative ion.
b.	losing an electron to form a positive ion.
c.	losing protons.
d.	joining with both calcium and carbon.

25.

Group 18 noble gases are inert because

a.	they readily form positive ions.
b.	they can have either a positive or a negative charge.
c.	their outermost energy level is missing one electron.
d.	their outermost energy level is full.

26.

Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table?

a.	On the left-most side.
b.	On the right side.
c.	In the middle column of the periodic table.
d.	In the bottom rows.

27.

Transition metals such as copper or tungsten form compounds by

a.	gaining electrons to form negative ions.
b.	losing electrons to form positive ions.
c.	losing neutrons.
d.	changing shape and color at various temperatures.

28.

A mole is an SI base unit that describes the

a.	mass of a substance.	c.	volume of a substance.
b.	amount of a substance.	d.	electric charge of a substance.

29.

If the atomic mass of carbon is 12 amu, 1 mole of pure carbon will have a mass of

a.	6 g.	c.	12 g.
b.	6 mol.	d.	12 mol.

30.

Avogadro's constant is defined as the number of particles in

a.	one mole of a pure substance.	c.	one gram of a pure substance.
b.	one liter of a pure substance.	d.	one kilogram of a pure substance.

31.

Molar mass is defined as

a.	the number of particles in 1 mole of a substance.
b.	the SI base unit that describes the amount of a substance.
c.	the amount of a substance necessary to have a positive charge.
d.	the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance.

32.

The average atomic mass of potassium is approximately 39 amu. What is the mass of 2.0 mol of potassium?

a.	0.39 g	c.	39 g
b.	0.78 g	d.	78 g

33.

The average atomic mass of the element cesium is approximately 133 amu. What is the mass of 3.00 mol of cesium?

a.	0.133 g	c.	266 g
b.	133 g	d.	399 g

34.

You have 6.50 mol of chromium, which has a molar mass of approximately 52 g/mol. What is the mass in grams of this amount of chromium?

a.	3.38 g	c.	338 g
b.	33.8 g	d.	3.38 kg

35.

What is the mass in grams of 0.75 mol of sulfur, which has a molar mass of approximately 32 g/mol?

a.	16 g	c.	32 g
b.	24 g	d.	240 g

36.

You have 85.5 g of fluorine, which has a molar mass of approximately 19 g/mol. How many moles of fluorine do you have?

a.	4.5 mol	c.	45 mol
b.	19 mol	d.	85 mol